Вот цитаты.
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The ring system is configured via the bus couplers and the bus devices. If an outgoing
interface on a bus coupler or device is not connected, i.e., a bus cable has not been connected
to it, this bus element will automatically short circuit the interface internally
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The point-to-point structure of the INTERBUS system and its division into main and subring systems is ideal for the implementation of completely different physical transmission technologies and, in particular, the future-oriented fiber optic technology. The bus system is equipped in such a way that any part of the system can be converted from copper technology
to fiber optic technology, to infrared data transmission systems or any other media using standard converters available on the market. Similarly, fiber optic-capable devices can be implemented to set up whole networks based on this interference-immune and installation-friendly technology. There is no need for the expensive repeater converters as required by multidrop
structures. The ring structure gives the system two decisive advantages. First, and in contrast to a line structure, the ring permits data to be sent and received simultaneously (full duplex). Second the system’s self-diagnostic feature can be considerably improved using a ring system. In the case of bus-type systems (trunk line) with multidrop device connection, all devices are quasi passively coupled to the bus. However, the passiveness of the devices is limited to error-free
operation only, or to a disconnection of the device. If a fault in the bus interface of a node causes a short-circuit in the bus line, or if the line is short-circuited at any other point outside the device, no further communication is possible at all in such a system. If this type of fault occurs in bus-type systems, it is not possible to detect the location of the fault using the automatic diagnostic functions of the network. A ring system with active device coupling on the other hand provides a segmentation of the entire complex into electrically independent subsystems by its very nature. Thus, in the case of the active failure of a device, a short-circuit or the disconnection of a bus line, communication is only interrupted from the location of the
fault onward. The network management functions of the bus enable localization of the fault, so that the service technician knows immediately where repairs are needed. The same applies to sporadic transmission faults e.g., caused by electromagnetic interference sources or faulty cabling. In the line system, this also accidentally destroys any number of messages. In the case of such an undifferentiated interruption in transmission, it is not possible to localize the fault. This results in repeated, and often lengthy interruptions in the operation. The active device coupling of the INTERBUS system, which monitors every single transmission path, enables unambiguous fault location even in this case. It is precisely this fault
location feature which is crucial when it comes to minimizing system downtimes. However, before a system standstill occurs, INTERBUS allows preventive error locating by means of a statistical evaluation of the system’s transmission quality. This error frequency evaluation allows, for example, the early detection of component failures due to normal wear, and prevention of a production standstill. With these possibilities for the complete analysis of error type and error location, the INTERBUS system assumes an outstanding position among fieldbuses. As a result of a uniform start up and diag-nostic concept for all INTERBUS
devices - consisting of diagnostic functions on the INTERBUS devices, front panel diagnostics on the controller boards and an oper-ator interface based on that of the PC - system diagnostics becomes practicable for the user.